Your HOA Rights as a Homeowner in Virginia

In Virginia, your HOA's authority to fine homeowners comes from its governing documents — your CC&Rs, bylaws, and any board-adopted rules and regulations. State law sets the outer boundaries (including a $50 per-violation cap), but the specific violations that can be fined, and the fine amounts, are defined in your community's own documents.

Common categories include: landscaping and property appearance, parking, noise, pet rules, short-term rentals, architectural modifications, and common area use. If a violation isn't defined in your governing documents, your HOA generally cannot fine you for it.

• Written notice: Virginia law requires your HOA to give you at least 21 days written notice before a fine takes effect. 21 days written notice must be provided before a fine may be imposed; notice must include the right to request a hearing
• Hearing rights: Virginia law requires your HOA to give you an opportunity to appear before the board before imposing a fine. Homeowner has right to request a hearing before the board within 21 days of notice; fine cannot be imposed while hearing is pending
• Fine schedule: Most states require the board to adopt and distribute a fine schedule. Your HOA generally cannot fine you for an amount not listed in the adopted schedule.
• Daily accrual: In Virginia, continuing violations may accrue $50/day after the initial fine. Address violations promptly to prevent fines from compounding.

1. 1

   Request a hearing

   Virginia state law entitles you to appear before the board. Submit a written request to the board as soon as you receive the fine notice.

2. 2

   Review your CC&Rs

   Locate the specific rule your HOA claims you violated. If the violation isn't defined in your governing documents, or the fine exceeds what the schedule allows, you have grounds to dispute it.

3. 3

   Dispute in writing

   Send a written letter to the board explaining why you believe the fine was issued in error. Reference the specific CC&R section. Keep a copy of everything.

4. 4

   Request mediation

   Many states, including Virginia, offer or require alternative dispute resolution before escalating to litigation. Check your CC&Rs for any mediation clauses.

5. 5

   Consult an HOA attorney

   If the fine is significant or the board is unresponsive, an HOA attorney can review your situation and advise on your options under state law.

Va. Code § 55.1-1819